Libertarian Reporting for 2026-09-13
Today’s news coverage from libertarian media sources. Today's edition includes 93 articles from 15 sites. We chose these from 1971 articles found on 36 sites.
Today's featured sites are:
Cafe Hayek, LewRockwell, Reason Magazine, The Libertarian Institute, Main Feed, Tom Woods, Mises Institute, Blog Posts Archive - Competitive Enterprise Institute, Law & Liberty, Free the People, John Locke Foundation, The Advocates for Self-Government, Learn Liberty, Libertarian Party of North Carolina Latest News, Libertarian Christian Institute.
Some Links
TweetThe Editorial Board of the Wall Street Journal warns that today’s continuing inflation is helping to keep Americans’ real wages from growing. A slice: The worst news for workers in the report is ...
Cafe Hayek
Sep 12, 2026 - cafehayek.com
On Conservative Kvetching About Contemporary Western Civilization’s Superiority
Conservative commentators—you know who I mean—persist in their promiscuous prattle about the uncontested superiority of what they call western civilization. This, when every single one of civilization...
LewRockwell
Sep 12, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Subordinate Psy-Op: Tricking Conservatives Into Joining With Leftists
For decades many of us in the conspiracy world railed against the concept of the “false left-right paradigm”: The idea that the American people were being divided by the creation of fake or inconseque...
LewRockwell
Sep 12, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Judge Sutton on "The Three Faces of American Constitutional Law"
This year's Sumner Canary Memorial Lecture at the Case Western Reserve University School of Law.
Reason Magazine
Sep 12, 2026 - reason.com
Can the Feds Ban You From Making Liquor in Your Own Home?
A challenge to the federal prohibition on home distilling could give the Supreme Court a chance to rein in Congress’ Commerce Clause power.
Reason Magazine
Sep 12, 2026 - reason.com
Trump Spending Has Created the Largest Deficit Since Covid
Bond yields are ripping today, with the 10-year climbing above 4.9% and at the highest level since 2007. Meanwhile, the 30-year yield has risen above 5.3 percent, the highest level seen since 2002. Th...
LewRockwell
Sep 12, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Chainsawing: Moral, Legal, Optimal, Proven, Timely
Dismantling socialism and preventing socialism both need to be understood and mastered, wrote Jesús Huerta de Soto: If it is concluded that socialism is ethically inadmissible, as well as a historic f...
LewRockwell
Sep 12, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Trump Said He Would Rid the Kennedy Center of 'Woke.' He Injected His Own Politics Instead.
This is what happens when you give the government control over artistic institutions.
Reason Magazine
Sep 12, 2026 - reason.com
9/11: Tricked Into War. Journalist Christopher Bollyn Reveals 9/11 Ties to Israel
Christopher Bollyn was a journalist for the American Free Press. He is the author of ‘Solving 9/11: the Deception that Changed the World’ and ‘The War on Terror: the Plot to Rule the Middle East.’ He ...
LewRockwell
Sep 12, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Could Washington Pick A Side In Sudan’s Civil War?
It must be said at the outset that what follows is necessarily speculative. There is no evidence that Washington has decided to back Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF), much less that such a policy sh...
The Libertarian Institute
Sep 12, 2026 - libertarianinstitute.org
Arlington to Pay Families of Detained or Deported Illegal Immigrants
Critics say this encourages more illegal immigration.
Main Feed
Sep 12, 2026 - libertynation.com
Ep. 2795 The Neocons Refuse to Die
Jack Hunter joins us to talk about Trump, the Iran war, and the wing that just won’t die. Sponsors CrowdHealth is a community of people who are tired of paying… Read More The post Ep. 2795 The Neocons...
Tom Woods
Sep 12, 2026 - tomwoods.com
More on Alexander Hamilton and Trump’s Tariffs
TweetHere’s a letter to a new correspondent. Mr. Brennick: Thanks for your email. I’m sorry that you find my letter in today’s Wall Street Journal “thoroughly unconvincing.” No one can really know how...
Cafe Hayek
Sep 12, 2026 - cafehayek.com
Mamdani and AOC Giggle as Others Weep at 9/11 Memorial
The NYC mayor’s presence at the memorial was already controversial.
Main Feed
Sep 12, 2026 - libertynation.com
Today in Supreme Court History: September 12, 1958
9/12/1958: Cooper v. Aaron is decided. The post Today in Supreme Court History: September 12, 1958 appeared first on Reason Magazine.
Reason Magazine
Sep 12, 2026 - reason.com
A Firebrand Scorches Colonial Virginia
“Caesar had his Brutus, Charles the First his Cromwell and George the Third may profit by their example. If this be treason, make the most of it.” — Patrick Henry The man of “Give me liberty or give ...
LewRockwell
Sep 12, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Whistling Past the Graveyard
Mark Thornton argues Washington’s political theater cannot paper over the mounting costs of war, sanctions, debt, and inflation.
Mises Institute
Sep 12, 2026 - mises.org
How 9/11 Remade American Immigration
Twenty-five years after the attacks, control and distrust rule the institutions that process foreigners who travel or immigrate to the United States.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
How the War on Terror Turned 9/11 Into a Permanently Open Wound
The government ensured that there would be no end to the public's fears—and no real justice for bin Laden's victims.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Why I Still Don’t Talk About 9/11 While Talk of Trump Using Nukes Increases
With the twenty-fifth anniversary of “9/11” this week, it is important to remember all the warning signs that were evident in the months leading up to the events of that terrible day and the anthrax a...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
9/11 and presidential power
America is a complicated country, founded on a simple idea: no kings. Even so, nearly every president since at least John Adams has grown presidential power, regardless of party. The political respons...
Blog Posts Archive - Competitive Enterprise Institute
Sep 11, 2026 - cei.org
President Trump Is Bold, Brave, and Right on the Iran War
He defied almost all his advisors, including Vice President J.D. Vance, and has done all the right things on the Iran War.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
A Judge Ordered ICE Agents To Stop Retaliating Against an Ohio Videographer. ICE Moved the Agents Out of Town.
After an ICE watcher in Springfield won a temporary injunction against ICE in a First Amendment lawsuit, the agency moved the officers accused of harassing him out of town.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Short Circuit: An inexhaustive weekly compendium of rulings from the federal courts of appeal
Backup groomsmen, weak sauce, and interment camps.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Supreme Court Blocks Missouri's Messy, Trump-Backed Gerrymandering Fight
The decision ends a yearlong legal war spanning multiple lawsuits, contradictory state and federal court orders, and repeated appeals to the Supreme Court.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
A Somali Man With No Serious Criminal Record Is Spending 9/11 in Detention at Guantanamo Bay
Adam Abdullah was legally working in the U.S. when he was detained as part of "Operation Metro Surge" in the Twin Cities. His biggest criminal offense is a parking ticket.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
In Memoriam
Plus: Rest in peace Andrew Wimsatt, Vance ascendant, and more...
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Reflections on the 25th Anniversary of 9/11
Links to writings about the 9/11 attack and its aftermath, and the ongoing issues of the proliferation of dangerous emergency powers, and protecting Aghans who fled the Taliban.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
How a Street Brawl Led to a 5th Circuit Case That Casts Doubt on the Constitutionality of Many Federal Laws
Challenging his conviction for illegal gun possession, Curtis Squire argues that the Commerce Clause cannot justify bans on intrastate, noncommercial conduct.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
I Tried To Find Out What Republicans Think of Trump's $5,000 Checks. Then I Got Trapped.
At the GOP midterm convention in Dallas, looking for answers meant an unexpected escort, a Palestine-Mexico protest flag, and a front-row seat to the spectacle.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
The Supreme Law Without 9/11
In my new Civitas Essay, I discussed how our present legal order stems from the events of 9/11. Here, I… The post The Supreme Law Without 9/11 appeared first on Reason Magazine.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Strait of Hormuz Gridlock
For decades, foreign policy experts warned about what would happen if someone decided to shut down the Strait of Hormuz. Now we are living that reality. The price of Brent crude just smashed through t...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
What We Remember
Twenty-five years after 9/11, Americans may once again need to call on the strength we found in their aftermath.
Law & Liberty
Sep 11, 2026 - lawliberty.org
For Flock Camera Vandals, Jury Nullification is an Option
Jury nullification, or conscientious acquittal, is a long-standing tradition of American and English law. The post For Flock Camera Vandals, Jury Nullification is an Option appeared first on Free the ...
Free the People
Sep 11, 2026 - freethepeople.org
Politicians See Opportunity in Data Center Panic
The panic is pretty silly, since these facilities are necessary to power industries that power our economy and fund state budgets.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
‘War With Iran Would Be Trump’s Waterloo’
A friend just sent me the following video recording of a 2008 interview with Donald Trump in which he declared that President Bush should have been impeached for leading the United States to war in Ir...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
9/11 and the Creation of America 2.0- 25 Years Later
On September 11, 2001, my wife called and woke me up, screaming, “It’s the end of the world!” I was sleeping, after working the graveyard shift at the data center, which I did for many years. She urge...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Ukrainian Front
The United States and Russia want to conclude peace in Ukraine as quickly as possible. The problem lies elsewhere: it seems that the Straussians (the disciples of Leo Strauss), who infiltrated the Oba...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Jimmy Kimmel Didn't Air Talarico Interview Over Fear of FCC 'Equal Time' Threats
For the second time this year, Talarico appeared on a late-night show only to be bumped in response to federal threats.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
South Korea Will Invest $100 Billion in U.S. Nuclear Sector To Boost AI and Appease Trump
Facing a 25 percent tariff threat, Seoul agreed to bankroll nuclear reactors and a Texas gas plant. The cost is already climbing past budget.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
"A Pardon Cannot … Change the Underlying Facts and Truth" for Purposes of a Defamation Action
From DeBarros v. Pedbereznak, decided last Friday by Connecticut Superior Court Judge John Cordani: The plaintiff in this matter, Jonathan… The post "A Pardon Cannot … Change the Underlying Facts and ...
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
New in Civitas Outlook: The Supreme Law: A Quarter Century after 9/11
"But for September 11, 2001, and the events that followed, constitutional law likely would be unrecognizable today."
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
National Review remembers Kirk
Editors at National Review Online marked the one-year anniversary of Charlie Kirk’s murder. The assassination of the MAGA activist, podcaster, and organizer who galvanized a generation of young conser...
John Locke Foundation
Sep 11, 2026 - johnlocke.org
Court Upholds $7.85M Verdict for Employees Fired for Refusing to Get COVID-19 Vaccine
An excerpt from the long opinion today in Lewis-Williams v. S.F. Bay Area Rapid Transit Dist., decided by Judge Ryan… The post Court Upholds $7.85M Verdict for Employees Fired for Refusing to Get COVI...
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
This California Social Media Law is a Privacy and Free Speech 'Nightmare'
California Gov. Gavin Newsom signed more than a dozen online safety and tech regulation bills into law this week.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
AI Doom Is Misguided, Not a Psyop
The pro-AI side must avoid succumbing to paranoia and bad faith.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Brickbat: XX Marks the Spot
A federal appeals court ruled in favor of four Bow, New Hampshire, parents who said their First Amendment rights were… The post Brickbat: XX Marks the Spot appeared first on Reason Magazine.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
“To Be Ignorant of what Occurred Before You Were Born is to Remain Always a Child,” Observed Marcus Tullius Cicero — Understanding 9/11
Today is the 25th Anniversary of the 9/11 attack on the Twin Towers in NYC and the Pentagon in Washington, D. C. We should not only focus upon these pivotal, horrendous isolated events but also on und...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
9/11 After a Quarter of a Century
The shock of September 11, 2001, was so great that, despite some initial skepticism, it was four or five years afterward that professional and scientific independent investigators presented evidence t...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Japan Is Telling You To Run to Gold
Below, we look at lessons from Japan and its latest signals to prepare for a market sell-off, a debasement acceleration and a golden endgame. Pattern Recognition My father taught me long ago that the ...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
The Kyle Anzalone Show guest Matt Hoh: JD Vance and Ben Shapiro Attempt to Sell Israel’s War to the American People
The loudest voices keep insisting the U.S. is “winning” against Iran, but winning should be measurable and explainable, not just repeated until it feels true. We sit down with Matt Hoh to test the cla...
The Libertarian Institute
Sep 11, 2026 - libertarianinstitute.org
Fetterman speaks for GOP convention
Matt Margolis writes for PJMedia.com about an interesting speaker at a Republican convention. Sen. John Fetterman (D-Pa.) is a Democrat. He’s a left-wing Democrat, too. His party is hoping to regain c...
John Locke Foundation
Sep 11, 2026 - johnlocke.org
Journal of Free Speech Law: "The Government Speech Doctrine Goes to School," by Heidi Kitrosser
Part of a Knight First Amendment Institute Symposium on Managing Government Employee Speech in a Democracy, which the Journal is publishing.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Restriction on K-12 Teaching of Certain Race/Sex-Related "Concepts" Not Unconstitutionally Vague
So the Tenth Circuit held Wednesday, in Black Emergency Response Team v. Drummond; a short excerpt from the opinion, by… The post Restriction on K-12 Teaching of Certain Race/Sex-Related "Concepts" No...
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
DC Circuit Rejects Energy Department's Claim of "Emergency" Authority to Order Coal Plant to Remain Open
A potentially significant rebuke of one of the more controversial and unusual elements of the Trump Administration's energy policy.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
In Rhode Island's Dem Primary, DSA Challenger Unseats Providence Mayor Who'd Vetoed Rent Control
Voters in Providence, Rhode Island, signaled that they want binding price controls.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
The Contempt Judgment From Missouri
The Secretary of State was subject to dueling injunctions from state and federal court. It was a lose-lose.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Marijuana Contracts Are Not Enforceable in Federal Court
Just because marijuana is legal under state law does not mean marijuana is legal -- a useful reminder.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Hidden Winners of the Commodity and Infrastructure Boom… And the Biggest Loser
International Man: Investors tend to chase whatever is most fashionable at the moment. Where do you see important investment opportunities developing today that most people are overlooking because the...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Americans Should Never Have Given the U.S. Government a Pass After 9/11
One of the most disastrous consequences of the 9/11 aftermath was the pass that the American people gave to their own government. Their anger was focused entirely on the terrorists rather than on both...
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
Mirrors of 9/11
Has Osama bin Laden finally won American hearts and minds?
Law & Liberty
Sep 11, 2026 - lawliberty.org
9/11/2001 in Staten Island, New York
My annual remembrance of September 11, 2011.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Why Postliberalism Failed--And Is Likely to Fail Again
Contemporary postliberalism may be a fitting ideology for the age—but that hardly makes its agenda a good one, let alone an American one.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Our Enemy, the State Taught Me to Stop Confusing Government with Society
Albert Jay Nock drew a sharp line between government and society. His challenge remains powerful—but self-government requires subjecting Nock’s own ideas to scrutiny too.
The Advocates for Self-Government
Sep 11, 2026 - theadvocates.org
Consenting to the Panopticon: What Modern Technology Has Done to Us … Without Our Realizing It
When did you last read the terms of service before clicking “accept?” Nobody does. That's the point. That’s how
Learn Liberty
Sep 11, 2026 - learnliberty.org
Twenty Five Years Ago Today
by: Dr. Steven Feldman, Libertarian Candidate US House NC District 10 Twenty-five years ago today, nearly three thousand Americans were killed. Office workers, flight attendants, passengers who fought...
Libertarian Party of North Carolina Latest News
Sep 11, 2026 - lpnc.org
"The Why of Public Access to Judicial Records in Civil Cases"
An excellent article by media lawyers Steve Zansberg and Michael Beylkin.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Your Aunt Betty can’t legally deliver your ballot
The North Carolina State Board of Elections (SBE) approved guidelines for county boards on handling absentee ballots during a September 4 meeting, in the form of a numbered memo. It was a 3-2 party-li...
John Locke Foundation
Sep 11, 2026 - johnlocke.org
They Painted Freedom from the Trunks of Cars
Shut out of Florida’s segregated galleries, the Highwaymen took their paintings to the road—building an art economy through ingenuity, voluntary exchange, and sheer adaptability.
The Advocates for Self-Government
Sep 11, 2026 - theadvocates.org
Do California’s Tire Efficiency Mandates Actually Save Drivers Money?
California says more efficient tires can save drivers money. But a good deal doesn't need a mandate—and regulators can't know which trade-offs matter to every driver.
The Advocates for Self-Government
Sep 11, 2026 - theadvocates.org
Are We Winning the Trade Wars?
Economists Stephen Moore and Scott Lincicome debate tariffs as a foreign policy tool.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Court Allows Maryland Rabbi (and Apparently Congregation's Volunteer Security Guards) Right to Carry Guns in Synagogue
An Montgomery County ordinance bans all carrying of guns at places of worship (except by security guards licensed to carry… The post Court Allows Maryland Rabbi (and Apparently Congregation's Voluntee...
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Today in Supreme Court History: September 11, 1958
9/11/1958: Cooper v. Aaron is argued. The post Today in Supreme Court History: September 11, 1958 appeared first on Reason Magazine.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Review: An Alternate History of Soviet Space Exploration
Star City considers a world where KGB paranoia dictates space development.
Reason Magazine
Sep 11, 2026 - reason.com
Iran Has Trump Over a Barrel
Watch episodes 1 and 2 here. Episode 3: Episode 4: The post Iran Has Trump Over a Barrel appeared first on LewRockwell.
LewRockwell
Sep 11, 2026 - lewrockwell.com
The Saudi Facade
Stay tuned. I’m not sure there has been a more incompetent regional military power as the Saudis since Italy in WWII. They have the 8th largest military budget in the world. The Saudis pour billions i...
The Libertarian Institute
Sep 11, 2026 - libertarianinstitute.org
What, If Anything, Did Americans Learn 25 Years After 9/11?
Twenty-five years since the September 11 attacks, it is trite to say that if Americans as a whole learned anything, they learned none of the right things. I was in eighth grade at the time, attending ...
The Libertarian Institute
Sep 11, 2026 - libertarianinstitute.org
Trump and Republicans Are Serious About $5,000 Checks
Where will the money come from?
Main Feed
Sep 11, 2026 - libertynation.com
Socialist conference speaker calls weight loss racist, fascist
Catherine Salgado writes for PJMedia.com about the latest kookiness surrounding American socialism. An activist at the Socialism 2026 conference in Chicago — no doubt a gathering of idiocy and infanti...
John Locke Foundation
Sep 11, 2026 - johnlocke.org
Left-wing violence labeled ‘existential threat’
Brianna Lyman writes for the Federalist about the continuing danger of left-wing violence. There’s no silver lining to Charlie Kirk’s assassination, that goes without saying. But his violent death was...
John Locke Foundation
Sep 11, 2026 - johnlocke.org
Talarico accountant known for helping wealthy avoid taxes
Collin Anderson writes for the Washington Free Beacon about an inconvenient fact for Texas’ Democratic US Senate candidate. Texas Democrat James Talarico says he’s running for Senate to make “the weal...
John Locke Foundation
Sep 11, 2026 - johnlocke.org
It’s Official: Trump Is a Leftist
In the wee hours of the morning on Thursday, September 10, a 20 year old conservative political commentator and author named Brilyn Hollyhand published an op-ed on FoxNews.com. Its title was “Calling ...
Libertarian Christian Institute
Sep 10, 2026 - libertarianchristians.com
Americans Have Learned Virtually No Lessons From 9/11
We still believe in the false promise of trading freedom for safety.
Reason Magazine
Sep 10, 2026 - reason.com
The GOP Midterm Convention Is the Campiest Apocalypse I've Ever Seen
Inside the first event of its kind, where the end of the world is coming, but the sequins are fabulous.
Reason Magazine
Sep 10, 2026 - reason.com
First Circuit Refuses to Stay District Court Injunction Against Trump's Executive Order on Mail-In Voting
The Court rightly ruled the executive branch has no authority to restrict mail-in voting.
Reason Magazine
Sep 10, 2026 - reason.com
A 50% Tariff on Pencil Parts? Welcome to the U.S.-Canada Trade War.
Canada's retaliatory tariffs include the little metal band that holds an eraser onto a pencil.
Reason Magazine
Sep 10, 2026 - reason.com
Trump Says Iran War Will End ‘Very Shortly’ After Midterm
President Donald Trump said Americans should expect the war against Iran to continue through November’s midterm elections, predicting the conflict will end shortly afterward. Meanwhile, the Department...
The Libertarian Institute
Sep 10, 2026 - libertarianinstitute.org
It’s Always 9/11 | Words & Numbers | Ep 523
What does it mean as more time passes? The post It’s Always 9/11 | Words & Numbers | Ep 523 appeared first on Free the People.
Free the People
Sep 10, 2026 - freethepeople.org
Ten Absences, Nine Calendars, and the Vote Nobody Will Take
by: Rob Yates, LPNC Communications Director "Hell is truth seen too late." — Thomas Hobbes "The truth is permanent. Everything else falls by the wayside." — Dave Chappelle The "30th State Pledge" Pr...
Libertarian Party of North Carolina Latest News
Sep 10, 2026 - lpnc.org
Ansar Allah Captures Strategic Red Sea Port of Mokha
Yemen’s ruling Ansar Allah movement captured a key Red Sea port city. Ansar Allah, also known as the Houthis, has made gains since the war with Saudi Arabia reignited in July. On Thursday, Ansar Alla...
The Libertarian Institute
Sep 10, 2026 - libertarianinstitute.org
Iran Says US Must Meet Six Conditions to End War
An official with Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) said ending the war requires the US to halt its attacks and threats, unfreeze Iranian assets, force Israel to withdraw from Lebanon, en...
The Libertarian Institute
Sep 10, 2026 - libertarianinstitute.org
Trump's Bribe, AI Doom Psyop, and the Rapture
Trump's $5,000 bribe, stay-at-home moms, car insurance beefs, AI doom, 9/11 memories, Zelda rumors, rom-coms, and the Rapture—Freed Up somehow fits it all into one episode.
Reason Magazine
Sep 10, 2026 - reason.com
Geof Stone and I on "The State of Free Speech in 2026" (from the National Constitution Center)
I much enjoyed participating in this, and I expect many of our readers will much enjoy listening to it. The post Geof Stone and I on "The State of Free Speech in 2026" (from the National Constitution ...